منابع مشابه
Nicotine dependence. Interface between tobacco and tobacco-related disease.
T obacco and its smoke constitute environmental toxins that are the major preventable cause of death and disease in the United States, contributing to more than 300,000 deaths per year.’ Some exposure to tobacco and related toxins is “passive;” however, the highest levels of exposure occur in people who deliberately, repeatedly and chronically expose themselves to it. In fact, these individuals...
متن کاملNicotine aversion: Neurobiological mechanisms and relevance to tobacco dependence vulnerability.
Nicotine stimulates brain reward circuitries, most prominently the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, and this action plays a critical in establishing and maintaining the tobacco smoking habit. Compounds that attenuate nicotine reward are considered promising therapeutic candidates for tobacco dependence, but many of these agents have other actions that limit their potential utility. Nicotine i...
متن کاملNicotine delivery capabilities of smokeless tobacco products and implications for control of tobacco dependence in South Africa.
OBJECTIVES Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is popular among black South African women and children. The study sought to determine the nicotine delivery capability of popular industrialised and traditional SLT brands in South Africa, and to provide information for policy action by regulatory authorities. DESIGN Laboratory chemical analysis of four industrialised and one traditional SLT products co...
متن کاملMenthol's potential effects on nicotine dependence: a tobacco industry perspective
OBJECTIVE To examine what the tobacco industry knows about the potential effects menthol may have on nicotine dependence. METHODS A snowball strategy was used to systematically search the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/) between 22 February and 29 April, 2010. Of the approximately 11 million documents available in the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, the ite...
متن کاملThe Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST).
Few nicotine dependence measures have been developed for smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Existing measures are limited by the requirement to rate the nicotine content of ST brands for which data is scarce or non-existent. We modified the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) for ST users, referred to this scale as the FTND-ST, and evaluated its characteristics in a population of 42 ST us...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Tobacco Control
سال: 1996
ISSN: 0964-4563
DOI: 10.1136/tc.5.1.1